Анализ ошибок студентов при визуальном структурировании знаний
Ключевые слова:
инженерия знаний, моделирование знаний, интеллект-карты, концептуальные карты, системное мышление, ошибки моделирования
Аннотация
Статья посвящена анализу типичных ошибок студентов при структурировании знаний, также рассматриваются некоторые теоретические аспекты построения интеллект-карт и концептуальных карт. Основные причины этих ошибок связаны с нехваткой навыков системного мышления у студентов и с методологическими недостатками преподавания. Выборка для анализа сформирована из упражнений студентов 5 курса, изучающих курсы «Интеллектуальные системы» и «Инженерия знаний» в Санкт-Петербургском политехническом университете. В заключении обсуждаются возможности улучшения программы обучения.
Литература
[1] T. Buzan and B. Buzan, Supermyshlenie [The mind map book by Tony Buzan with Barry Buzan], Minsk, Belarus: Belorusskii dom pechati, 2002 (in Russian).
[2] T. Buzan and K. Griffits, Intellekt-karty dlya biznesa [Mind Maps for Business: Revolutionise Your Business Thinking and Practice], Minsk, Belarus: Popurri, 2011 (in Russian).
[3] A. I. Volkov, L. A. Reingol'd, and E. A. Reingol'd, “Professional'nye standarty v oblasti IT kak faktor tekhnologicheskogo i sotsial'nogo razvitiya” [Professional standards in the field of IT as a factor of technological and social development], Applied Informatics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 37–48, 2015 (in Russian)
[4] T. A. Gavrilova, D. V. Kudryavtsev and D. I. Muromtsev, Inzheneriya znanii. Modeli i metody [Knowledge engineering. Models and methods]. St. Petersberg: Izdatel'stvo “Lan'”, 2016 (in Russian)
[5] T. A. Gavrilova and I. A. Leshcheva, “Sistemnyi vzglyad na podgotovku inzhenerov po znaniyam i biznes analitikov” [Systemic view on training of knowledge engineers and business analysts] in Trudy 14-oi natsional'noi konferentsii po iskusstvennomu intellektu s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem KII–2014, Smolensk, Russia, 2016. pp. 16–23 (in Russian)
[6] T. A. Gavrilova, I. A. Leshcheva, and E. V. Strakhovich, “Ob ispol'zovanii vizual'nykh kontseptual'nykh modelei v prepodavanii” [On the use of visual conceptual models in teaching], Vestnik SPbGU, seriya “Menedzhment”, no. 4. pp. 125–151, 2011(in Russian)
[7] T. A. Gavrilova and V. F. Khoroshevskii, “Bazy znanii intellektual'nykh system” [Intelligent Systems Knowledge Base], St. Petersburg: Piter, 2000 (in Russian)
[8] Yu. A. Zagorul'ko, G. B. Zagorul'ko, A.Yu. Kravchenko and E. A. Sidorova “Razrabotka sistemy podderzhki prinyatiya reshenii dlya neftegazodobyvayushchego predpriyatiya” [Development of decision support system for oil and gas producing enterprise] in Trudy 12-i natsional'noi konferentsii po iskusstvennomu intellektu s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem (KII–2010), Moscow, Russia: Fizmatlit, no. 3, 2010, pp. 137–145 (in Russian)
[9] B. A. Kobrinskii and T. V. Zarubina, Meditsinskaya informatika, Moscow, Russia: Akademiya, 2007 (in Russian)
[10] D. V. Koznov, “Programmnaya inzheneriya i vizual'noe modelirovanie: vospitanie kul'tury raboty s informatsiei” [Software engineering and visual modeling: the development of a culture of working with information], Programmnaya inzheneriya, no. 10, pp. 3–11, 2015 (in Russian)
[11] A. Kostyrko, D. Kudryavtsev, L. Grigor'ev, V. Kislova, A. Zhulin, L. Sinyatullina, R. Ermakov, “Modelirovanie kompleksov gorodskogo khozyaistva dlya sistemnogo razvitiya IKT goroda” [Modeling of municipal economy complexes for the system development of city ICT] in Sbornik trudov konferentsii “Inzheneriya znanii i tekhnologii semanticheskogo veba — 2012”, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2012, pp. 81–88 (in Russian)
[12] D. Kudryavtsev and T. Gavrilova, “Oshibki v kontseptual'nom modelirovanii” [Errors in conceptual modeling], in Chetvertaya mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya po kognitivnoi nauke: Tezisy dokladov, vol. 2, Tomsk, Russia, 2010. pp. 362–364 (in Russian)
[13] M. L. Minskii, Freimy dlya predstavleniya znanii [Knowledge Frames], Moscow, Russia: Energiya, 1979 (in Russian)
[14] D. I. Muromtsev, Kontseptual'noe modelirovanie znanii v sisteme Cmap Tools [
Conceptual knowledge modeling in the Cmap Tools system], St. Petersburg, Russia: ITMO, 2009 (in Russian).
[15] K. Yu. Romanovskii and D. V. Koznov, “Yazyk DRL dlya proektirovaniya i razrabotki dokumentatsii semeistv programmnykh produktov [DRL language for design and development of software product documentation], Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 10. Prikladnaya matematika. Informatika. Protsessy upravleniya, no. 4, pp. 110–122, 2007 (in Russian).
[16] S. K. Stafeev, D. I. Muromtsev, and F. A. Kozlov, “ECOLE — semanticheskii agregator otkrytykh obrazovatel'nykh resursov” [ECOLE – semantic aggregator of open educational resources], Computer tools in education, no. 1, pp. 48–60, 2015 (in Russian).
[17] D. P. Ausubel, Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968.
[18] A. J. Caсas, G. Hill, J. Lott, “Support for constructing knowledge models in CmapTools. Technical Report IHMC,” Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA, Rep. no. 2, 2003.
[19] M. J. Eppler, “A comparison between concept maps, mind maps, conceptual diagrams, and visual metaphors as complementary tools for knowledge construction and sharing,” Information visualization, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 202–210, 2006; doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500131.
[20] T. E. Goldsmith, P. J. Johnson, and W. H. Acton, “Assessing structural knowledge,” Journal of Educational Psychology, no. 83, pp. 88–96, 1991; doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.83.1.88
[21] I. M. Kinchin, D. B. Hay, and A. “Adams How a qualitative approach to concept map analysis can be used to aid learning by illustrating patterns of conceptual development,” Educational research, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 43–57, 2000, doi: 10.1080/001318800363908
[22] R. В. Kozma, “Constructing knowledge with learning tool,” In Cognitive tools for learning, P. Kommers, D. Jonassen, and A. T. Mayes Eds., Berlin. Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1992, pp. 23–32; doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-77222-1_3
[23] L. Mikulescky, Development of interactive computer programs to help students transfer basic skills to college level science and behavioral sciences courses, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, 1988.
[24] J. Novak, “Concept maps and Vee diagrams: Two metacognitive tools for science and mathematics education,” Instructional Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 29–52, 1990; doi: 10.1007/BF00377984
[25] J. Novak, Learning, creating, and using knowledge: Concept maps as facilitative tools in schools and corporations, New York, Routledge, 2010; doi: 10.4324/9780203862001
[26] J. Novak and A. Caсas, “The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct Them. Technical Report IHMC Cmap.,” Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, 2006.
[27] D. Schlenker and G. Abegg, “Scoring student-generated concept maps in introductory college chemistry,” presented at the Annual meeting of National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Lake Geneva, WI, 1991.
[2] T. Buzan and K. Griffits, Intellekt-karty dlya biznesa [Mind Maps for Business: Revolutionise Your Business Thinking and Practice], Minsk, Belarus: Popurri, 2011 (in Russian).
[3] A. I. Volkov, L. A. Reingol'd, and E. A. Reingol'd, “Professional'nye standarty v oblasti IT kak faktor tekhnologicheskogo i sotsial'nogo razvitiya” [Professional standards in the field of IT as a factor of technological and social development], Applied Informatics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 37–48, 2015 (in Russian)
[4] T. A. Gavrilova, D. V. Kudryavtsev and D. I. Muromtsev, Inzheneriya znanii. Modeli i metody [Knowledge engineering. Models and methods]. St. Petersberg: Izdatel'stvo “Lan'”, 2016 (in Russian)
[5] T. A. Gavrilova and I. A. Leshcheva, “Sistemnyi vzglyad na podgotovku inzhenerov po znaniyam i biznes analitikov” [Systemic view on training of knowledge engineers and business analysts] in Trudy 14-oi natsional'noi konferentsii po iskusstvennomu intellektu s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem KII–2014, Smolensk, Russia, 2016. pp. 16–23 (in Russian)
[6] T. A. Gavrilova, I. A. Leshcheva, and E. V. Strakhovich, “Ob ispol'zovanii vizual'nykh kontseptual'nykh modelei v prepodavanii” [On the use of visual conceptual models in teaching], Vestnik SPbGU, seriya “Menedzhment”, no. 4. pp. 125–151, 2011(in Russian)
[7] T. A. Gavrilova and V. F. Khoroshevskii, “Bazy znanii intellektual'nykh system” [Intelligent Systems Knowledge Base], St. Petersburg: Piter, 2000 (in Russian)
[8] Yu. A. Zagorul'ko, G. B. Zagorul'ko, A.Yu. Kravchenko and E. A. Sidorova “Razrabotka sistemy podderzhki prinyatiya reshenii dlya neftegazodobyvayushchego predpriyatiya” [Development of decision support system for oil and gas producing enterprise] in Trudy 12-i natsional'noi konferentsii po iskusstvennomu intellektu s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem (KII–2010), Moscow, Russia: Fizmatlit, no. 3, 2010, pp. 137–145 (in Russian)
[9] B. A. Kobrinskii and T. V. Zarubina, Meditsinskaya informatika, Moscow, Russia: Akademiya, 2007 (in Russian)
[10] D. V. Koznov, “Programmnaya inzheneriya i vizual'noe modelirovanie: vospitanie kul'tury raboty s informatsiei” [Software engineering and visual modeling: the development of a culture of working with information], Programmnaya inzheneriya, no. 10, pp. 3–11, 2015 (in Russian)
[11] A. Kostyrko, D. Kudryavtsev, L. Grigor'ev, V. Kislova, A. Zhulin, L. Sinyatullina, R. Ermakov, “Modelirovanie kompleksov gorodskogo khozyaistva dlya sistemnogo razvitiya IKT goroda” [Modeling of municipal economy complexes for the system development of city ICT] in Sbornik trudov konferentsii “Inzheneriya znanii i tekhnologii semanticheskogo veba — 2012”, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2012, pp. 81–88 (in Russian)
[12] D. Kudryavtsev and T. Gavrilova, “Oshibki v kontseptual'nom modelirovanii” [Errors in conceptual modeling], in Chetvertaya mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya po kognitivnoi nauke: Tezisy dokladov, vol. 2, Tomsk, Russia, 2010. pp. 362–364 (in Russian)
[13] M. L. Minskii, Freimy dlya predstavleniya znanii [Knowledge Frames], Moscow, Russia: Energiya, 1979 (in Russian)
[14] D. I. Muromtsev, Kontseptual'noe modelirovanie znanii v sisteme Cmap Tools [
Conceptual knowledge modeling in the Cmap Tools system], St. Petersburg, Russia: ITMO, 2009 (in Russian).
[15] K. Yu. Romanovskii and D. V. Koznov, “Yazyk DRL dlya proektirovaniya i razrabotki dokumentatsii semeistv programmnykh produktov [DRL language for design and development of software product documentation], Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 10. Prikladnaya matematika. Informatika. Protsessy upravleniya, no. 4, pp. 110–122, 2007 (in Russian).
[16] S. K. Stafeev, D. I. Muromtsev, and F. A. Kozlov, “ECOLE — semanticheskii agregator otkrytykh obrazovatel'nykh resursov” [ECOLE – semantic aggregator of open educational resources], Computer tools in education, no. 1, pp. 48–60, 2015 (in Russian).
[17] D. P. Ausubel, Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968.
[18] A. J. Caсas, G. Hill, J. Lott, “Support for constructing knowledge models in CmapTools. Technical Report IHMC,” Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA, Rep. no. 2, 2003.
[19] M. J. Eppler, “A comparison between concept maps, mind maps, conceptual diagrams, and visual metaphors as complementary tools for knowledge construction and sharing,” Information visualization, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 202–210, 2006; doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500131.
[20] T. E. Goldsmith, P. J. Johnson, and W. H. Acton, “Assessing structural knowledge,” Journal of Educational Psychology, no. 83, pp. 88–96, 1991; doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.83.1.88
[21] I. M. Kinchin, D. B. Hay, and A. “Adams How a qualitative approach to concept map analysis can be used to aid learning by illustrating patterns of conceptual development,” Educational research, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 43–57, 2000, doi: 10.1080/001318800363908
[22] R. В. Kozma, “Constructing knowledge with learning tool,” In Cognitive tools for learning, P. Kommers, D. Jonassen, and A. T. Mayes Eds., Berlin. Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1992, pp. 23–32; doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-77222-1_3
[23] L. Mikulescky, Development of interactive computer programs to help students transfer basic skills to college level science and behavioral sciences courses, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, 1988.
[24] J. Novak, “Concept maps and Vee diagrams: Two metacognitive tools for science and mathematics education,” Instructional Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 29–52, 1990; doi: 10.1007/BF00377984
[25] J. Novak, Learning, creating, and using knowledge: Concept maps as facilitative tools in schools and corporations, New York, Routledge, 2010; doi: 10.4324/9780203862001
[26] J. Novak and A. Caсas, “The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct Them. Technical Report IHMC Cmap.,” Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, 2006.
[27] D. Schlenker and G. Abegg, “Scoring student-generated concept maps in introductory college chemistry,” presented at the Annual meeting of National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Lake Geneva, WI, 1991.
Опубликован
2016-12-30
Как цитировать
Гаврилова, Т. А., & Онуфриев, В. А. (2016). Анализ ошибок студентов при визуальном структурировании знаний. Компьютерные инструменты в образовании, (6), 42-54. извлечено от http://cte.eltech.ru/ojs/index.php/kio/article/view/1416
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