An Analysis of Students’ Errors in Visual Knowledge Structuring
Keywords:
knowledge engineering, knowledge modelling, mind maps, concept maps, system thinking, modelling mistakes
Abstract
This paper presents the most common students’ faux pas in visual knowledge structuring and explores some theoretical issues of concept mapping and mind mapping. These errors are caused both by lack of system thinking skills and methodological mistakes of educators. The total sample was taken from the learning exercises of 5-th year students that studied the courses of “Intelligent systems” and “Knowledge engineering” in SaintPetersburg Polytechnic University. The paper concludes with an exploration of the topics necessary and sufficient for the realization of improved practices in educational design for future curricula of teaching programs.
References
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[11] A. Kostyrko, D. Kudryavtsev, L. Grigor'ev, V. Kislova, A. Zhulin, L. Sinyatullina, R. Ermakov, “Modelirovanie kompleksov gorodskogo khozyaistva dlya sistemnogo razvitiya IKT goroda” [Modeling of municipal economy complexes for the system development of city ICT] in Sbornik trudov konferentsii “Inzheneriya znanii i tekhnologii semanticheskogo veba — 2012”, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2012, pp. 81–88 (in Russian)
[12] D. Kudryavtsev and T. Gavrilova, “Oshibki v kontseptual'nom modelirovanii” [Errors in conceptual modeling], in Chetvertaya mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya po kognitivnoi nauke: Tezisy dokladov, vol. 2, Tomsk, Russia, 2010. pp. 362–364 (in Russian)
[13] M. L. Minskii, Freimy dlya predstavleniya znanii [Knowledge Frames], Moscow, Russia: Energiya, 1979 (in Russian)
[14] D. I. Muromtsev, Kontseptual'noe modelirovanie znanii v sisteme Cmap Tools [
Conceptual knowledge modeling in the Cmap Tools system], St. Petersburg, Russia: ITMO, 2009 (in Russian).
[15] K. Yu. Romanovskii and D. V. Koznov, “Yazyk DRL dlya proektirovaniya i razrabotki dokumentatsii semeistv programmnykh produktov [DRL language for design and development of software product documentation], Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 10. Prikladnaya matematika. Informatika. Protsessy upravleniya, no. 4, pp. 110–122, 2007 (in Russian).
[16] S. K. Stafeev, D. I. Muromtsev, and F. A. Kozlov, “ECOLE — semanticheskii agregator otkrytykh obrazovatel'nykh resursov” [ECOLE – semantic aggregator of open educational resources], Computer tools in education, no. 1, pp. 48–60, 2015 (in Russian).
[17] D. P. Ausubel, Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968.
[18] A. J. Caсas, G. Hill, J. Lott, “Support for constructing knowledge models in CmapTools. Technical Report IHMC,” Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA, Rep. no. 2, 2003.
[19] M. J. Eppler, “A comparison between concept maps, mind maps, conceptual diagrams, and visual metaphors as complementary tools for knowledge construction and sharing,” Information visualization, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 202–210, 2006; doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500131.
[20] T. E. Goldsmith, P. J. Johnson, and W. H. Acton, “Assessing structural knowledge,” Journal of Educational Psychology, no. 83, pp. 88–96, 1991; doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.83.1.88
[21] I. M. Kinchin, D. B. Hay, and A. “Adams How a qualitative approach to concept map analysis can be used to aid learning by illustrating patterns of conceptual development,” Educational research, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 43–57, 2000, doi: 10.1080/001318800363908
[22] R. В. Kozma, “Constructing knowledge with learning tool,” In Cognitive tools for learning, P. Kommers, D. Jonassen, and A. T. Mayes Eds., Berlin. Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1992, pp. 23–32; doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-77222-1_3
[23] L. Mikulescky, Development of interactive computer programs to help students transfer basic skills to college level science and behavioral sciences courses, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, 1988.
[24] J. Novak, “Concept maps and Vee diagrams: Two metacognitive tools for science and mathematics education,” Instructional Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 29–52, 1990; doi: 10.1007/BF00377984
[25] J. Novak, Learning, creating, and using knowledge: Concept maps as facilitative tools in schools and corporations, New York, Routledge, 2010; doi: 10.4324/9780203862001
[26] J. Novak and A. Caсas, “The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct Them. Technical Report IHMC Cmap.,” Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, 2006.
[27] D. Schlenker and G. Abegg, “Scoring student-generated concept maps in introductory college chemistry,” presented at the Annual meeting of National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Lake Geneva, WI, 1991.
[2] T. Buzan and K. Griffits, Intellekt-karty dlya biznesa [Mind Maps for Business: Revolutionise Your Business Thinking and Practice], Minsk, Belarus: Popurri, 2011 (in Russian).
[3] A. I. Volkov, L. A. Reingol'd, and E. A. Reingol'd, “Professional'nye standarty v oblasti IT kak faktor tekhnologicheskogo i sotsial'nogo razvitiya” [Professional standards in the field of IT as a factor of technological and social development], Applied Informatics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 37–48, 2015 (in Russian)
[4] T. A. Gavrilova, D. V. Kudryavtsev and D. I. Muromtsev, Inzheneriya znanii. Modeli i metody [Knowledge engineering. Models and methods]. St. Petersberg: Izdatel'stvo “Lan'”, 2016 (in Russian)
[5] T. A. Gavrilova and I. A. Leshcheva, “Sistemnyi vzglyad na podgotovku inzhenerov po znaniyam i biznes analitikov” [Systemic view on training of knowledge engineers and business analysts] in Trudy 14-oi natsional'noi konferentsii po iskusstvennomu intellektu s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem KII–2014, Smolensk, Russia, 2016. pp. 16–23 (in Russian)
[6] T. A. Gavrilova, I. A. Leshcheva, and E. V. Strakhovich, “Ob ispol'zovanii vizual'nykh kontseptual'nykh modelei v prepodavanii” [On the use of visual conceptual models in teaching], Vestnik SPbGU, seriya “Menedzhment”, no. 4. pp. 125–151, 2011(in Russian)
[7] T. A. Gavrilova and V. F. Khoroshevskii, “Bazy znanii intellektual'nykh system” [Intelligent Systems Knowledge Base], St. Petersburg: Piter, 2000 (in Russian)
[8] Yu. A. Zagorul'ko, G. B. Zagorul'ko, A.Yu. Kravchenko and E. A. Sidorova “Razrabotka sistemy podderzhki prinyatiya reshenii dlya neftegazodobyvayushchego predpriyatiya” [Development of decision support system for oil and gas producing enterprise] in Trudy 12-i natsional'noi konferentsii po iskusstvennomu intellektu s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem (KII–2010), Moscow, Russia: Fizmatlit, no. 3, 2010, pp. 137–145 (in Russian)
[9] B. A. Kobrinskii and T. V. Zarubina, Meditsinskaya informatika, Moscow, Russia: Akademiya, 2007 (in Russian)
[10] D. V. Koznov, “Programmnaya inzheneriya i vizual'noe modelirovanie: vospitanie kul'tury raboty s informatsiei” [Software engineering and visual modeling: the development of a culture of working with information], Programmnaya inzheneriya, no. 10, pp. 3–11, 2015 (in Russian)
[11] A. Kostyrko, D. Kudryavtsev, L. Grigor'ev, V. Kislova, A. Zhulin, L. Sinyatullina, R. Ermakov, “Modelirovanie kompleksov gorodskogo khozyaistva dlya sistemnogo razvitiya IKT goroda” [Modeling of municipal economy complexes for the system development of city ICT] in Sbornik trudov konferentsii “Inzheneriya znanii i tekhnologii semanticheskogo veba — 2012”, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2012, pp. 81–88 (in Russian)
[12] D. Kudryavtsev and T. Gavrilova, “Oshibki v kontseptual'nom modelirovanii” [Errors in conceptual modeling], in Chetvertaya mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya po kognitivnoi nauke: Tezisy dokladov, vol. 2, Tomsk, Russia, 2010. pp. 362–364 (in Russian)
[13] M. L. Minskii, Freimy dlya predstavleniya znanii [Knowledge Frames], Moscow, Russia: Energiya, 1979 (in Russian)
[14] D. I. Muromtsev, Kontseptual'noe modelirovanie znanii v sisteme Cmap Tools [
Conceptual knowledge modeling in the Cmap Tools system], St. Petersburg, Russia: ITMO, 2009 (in Russian).
[15] K. Yu. Romanovskii and D. V. Koznov, “Yazyk DRL dlya proektirovaniya i razrabotki dokumentatsii semeistv programmnykh produktov [DRL language for design and development of software product documentation], Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 10. Prikladnaya matematika. Informatika. Protsessy upravleniya, no. 4, pp. 110–122, 2007 (in Russian).
[16] S. K. Stafeev, D. I. Muromtsev, and F. A. Kozlov, “ECOLE — semanticheskii agregator otkrytykh obrazovatel'nykh resursov” [ECOLE – semantic aggregator of open educational resources], Computer tools in education, no. 1, pp. 48–60, 2015 (in Russian).
[17] D. P. Ausubel, Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968.
[18] A. J. Caсas, G. Hill, J. Lott, “Support for constructing knowledge models in CmapTools. Technical Report IHMC,” Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA, Rep. no. 2, 2003.
[19] M. J. Eppler, “A comparison between concept maps, mind maps, conceptual diagrams, and visual metaphors as complementary tools for knowledge construction and sharing,” Information visualization, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 202–210, 2006; doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500131.
[20] T. E. Goldsmith, P. J. Johnson, and W. H. Acton, “Assessing structural knowledge,” Journal of Educational Psychology, no. 83, pp. 88–96, 1991; doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.83.1.88
[21] I. M. Kinchin, D. B. Hay, and A. “Adams How a qualitative approach to concept map analysis can be used to aid learning by illustrating patterns of conceptual development,” Educational research, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 43–57, 2000, doi: 10.1080/001318800363908
[22] R. В. Kozma, “Constructing knowledge with learning tool,” In Cognitive tools for learning, P. Kommers, D. Jonassen, and A. T. Mayes Eds., Berlin. Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1992, pp. 23–32; doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-77222-1_3
[23] L. Mikulescky, Development of interactive computer programs to help students transfer basic skills to college level science and behavioral sciences courses, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, 1988.
[24] J. Novak, “Concept maps and Vee diagrams: Two metacognitive tools for science and mathematics education,” Instructional Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 29–52, 1990; doi: 10.1007/BF00377984
[25] J. Novak, Learning, creating, and using knowledge: Concept maps as facilitative tools in schools and corporations, New York, Routledge, 2010; doi: 10.4324/9780203862001
[26] J. Novak and A. Caсas, “The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct Them. Technical Report IHMC Cmap.,” Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, 2006.
[27] D. Schlenker and G. Abegg, “Scoring student-generated concept maps in introductory college chemistry,” presented at the Annual meeting of National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Lake Geneva, WI, 1991.
Published
2016-12-30
How to Cite
Гаврилова, Т. А., & Онуфриев, В. А. (2016). An Analysis of Students’ Errors in Visual Knowledge Structuring. Computer Tools in Education, (6), 42-54. Retrieved from http://cte.eltech.ru/ojs/index.php/kio/article/view/1416
Issue
Section
Computers in the teaching process
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
